Summer 2007

www.rlhs.org

Volume 27 Number 3

 

Nothing Could Be Finer . . . Than to be in Carolina
Traveling On The Aberdeen, Carolina & Western

 

Carolina Rails
2007 Annual Meeting Report

 


In This Issue . . .
3 From The Editor
4 National Report
8 Carolina Rails: The R&LHS Annual Meeting
12 Steam & Diesel at Spencer Shops
14 Exploring the Past with Steamdome
15 The Mechanical Department - J. Parker Lamb
15 Visual Interpretation - John Gruber
17 Chapter Reports
18 Trading Post
18 Remembering the Southern Crescent
19 The Friends Campaign
 

On The Cover: Aberdeen, Carolina
& Western 703 in Aberdeen
awaiting the return trip to Star
on Friday, June 8. The consist
included two air conditioned
cars, a gondola equipped with
tables and umbrellas, and a
caboose. David Lester photo.

 

Caboose silhouettes
appearing at the end of
each article,
along with silhouettes
of locomotives and
rolling stock,
are by Benn
Coifman, www.
RailFonts.com


www.rlhs.org

The Railway & Locomotive
Historical Society Newsletter

© Copyright 2007, The Railway
& Locomotive Historical Society

J. Parker Lamb, President
2605 Pinewood Terrace
Austin, Texas 78757-2136

 

David C. Lester, Editor
215 Bent Oak Lane
Woodstock, Georgia 30189-8121
E-Mail: davidclester@aol.com

Editorial Advisory Board
James Caballero
George Drury
John Gruber
William F. Howes, Jr.
William D. Middleton

Columnists
John Gruber - Visual Interpretation
J. Parker Lamb - The Mechanical Dept.
Steamdome

Member Services
Membership applications, change of address and other membership status inquiries should be sent to :

R&LHS Membership
William H. Lugg, Jr.
P.O. Box 292927
Sacramento, CA 95829-2927

 


Trading Post

Society members may use, without charge, the Trading Post section of the quarterly newsletter and the R&LHS web site to advertise items they wish to sell, trade or acquire or to seek information from other readers. This service is intended for personal, not general commercial, use. All items should be sent to David C. Lester at the address to the left.

ARCHIVES SERVICES

The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society Archives Services provides four key services to members, which are listed below. All inquiries regarding these services should be addressed to R&LHS Archives Services, P.O. Box 600544, Jacksonville, Florida 32260-0544.

Locomotive Rosters & Records of Building Construction Numbers

The Society has locomotive rosters for many roads and records of steam locomotive construction numbers for most builders. Copies are available to members at 25 cents per page, 40 cents per page for non-members ($5.00 minimum).

Back Issues of Railroad History

Many issues of Railroad History since No. 139 are available to members at $7.50 per copy, $12.50 for nonmembers. For more information on the availability of specific issues and volume discounts, write to the Archives Services address above.

Articles from The Bulletin & Railroad History

Copies of back issues of these publications of the Society are available to members at 20 cents per page, 30 cents per page for non-members ($5.00 minimum).

Research Inquiries

Source materials printed, manuscript and
graphic, are included in the Society’s Archives. Inquiries concerning these materials should be addressed to the Archives Services address above. To help expedite our response, please indicate a daytime telephone number where you can normally be reached.

 


About The Newsletter

The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society Newsletter seeks to serve as a vehicle for communication among the Society’s Board of Directors, Chapters, and the over 50% of the membership which does not belong to a chapter. To accomplish this, the Newsletter reports Society news from three perspectives:

First, from that of the national organization,
which is responsible for fulfilling the nine goals presented in the Society’s Mission Statement.

Second, from that of the eight chapters of the Society, each of which are engaged in various activities to promote and preserve railroad history.

Third, from that of the individual member, who is engaged in research, interpretation, preservation and celebration of railroad history.

Each quarterly issue of the Newsletter includes the following sections: National Report, Chapter Reports and Trading Post. In addition, each issue will include at least one feature article that presents how railroad history is studied, researched, documented, preserved, communicated, displayed and celebrated. Further, we have three regular columnists, listed at left.

Feedback on the Newsletter is always welcome, as are suggestions for feature articles. Please send any feedback, news items or suggestions to the Editor via U.S. Mail or e-mail.

Publication Schedule for 2007
 

Issue

Submissions Deadline

Mail Date

Winter 2007 December 6 January 19
Spring 2007 February 15 March 15
Summer 2007 June 1 July 1
Fall 2007

September 1

October 15

From The Editor
Railroading Past & Present

The 2007 annual meeting of our Society was one that
offered tremendous opportunities to study and celebrate
railroad history and modern railroading. Riding over the
Aberdeen, Carolina & Western, which used to be part
of the original Norfolk Southern Railroad, provided members with a first hand look at a modern short line railroad. Touring state of-the-art Linwood Yard on today’s Norfolk Southern provided an opportunity to see modern railroading at its best. Time spent in the North Carolina Transportation Museum, with its fine collection of steam, diesel and electric locomotives gave members a good overview of railroad history in the South. Top it all off with
a presentation by Jim McClellan, retired Senior Vice President of Planning for Norfolk Southern, the man who was the central player in Rush Loving’s recent book,
The Men Who Loved Trains, and who talked with us about his work on the New York Central with Al Perlman, and his work at Southern with Bill Brosnan, and you have yourself one heck of a meeting.

 

The two gentlemen primarily responsible for this successful meeting are pictured above -  Bill Howes (l) and Paul Barnes. As anyone who has ever organized any sort of  gathering knows, there are a zillion details to stay on top of,  and Bill and Paul did a fantastic job. Everything flowed smoothly, and members were able to sit back, relax, and enjoy a great meeting without worry or delay. The Board and the Society extend heartfelt thanks to these two leaders of our Society.
For those who were not able to attend this year’s annual meeting, as well as for those who were, there is a list of
recommended reading about railroading in the Carolinas and the South found on page 11.

Society Leadership Changes


The annual meeting saw the finalization of several pending leadership changes. First, J. Parker Lamb has been
elected president of the Society, replacing Charlie Zlatkovich, who announced last year that he would not seek another
term as the Society’s President. Parker Lamb is well known within our Society, as well as in the larger railroad history
community, as a distinguished and award winning writer and photographer. In addition, Pete Hansen has been appointed
editor of our Society’s journal, Railroad History , replacing Mark Reutter, who announced his resignation in
fall 2006. Detailed articles about Parker and Pete can be found on page 4. In addition, three new board members were
elected in Salisbury - Dick Hillman, David Lester and David Pfieffer.

Friends Campaign


You may have noticed that the cover stock for this issue is a little heavier than usual. This was done to facilitate
the inclusion of a perforated card on the inside back cover which you can remove to document and mail with your contribution to the Society’s Friends program. Please take time to consider how you can support this important program,
which will help ensure that the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society retains its position as the leading railroad history
research and publication organization.

Correction

Author Robert L. Harvey, who compiled the articles in “Snippets of Early B&O History” in the Spring 2007
issue, wrote to let us know that in the piece entitled “Various Rail Sections Used”, the date “mid-1884” in the second
paragraph should have read “mid-1844”.

David C. Lester


Dr. J. Parker Lamb Elected Society President at Salisbury Meeting

At the annual meeting of the Board of Directors on June 8, Executive Vice-President J. Parker Lamb was
elected president to succeed Charles Zlaltkovich, who had served as president for four years. Addressing society
members at the annual business meeting, Lamb thanked Charlie for his dedicated efforts to the society over many
decades, beginning with his leadership of the Southwest Chapter in El Paso, and followed by a long tenure as Society
Treasurer.

Parker then thanked those who have been responsible for the wide range of initiatives now in progress.
These include a modernization of the Bylaws, data collection for a member survey, definition of a new society
web link to house important research records (such as locomotive rosters and old issues of Railroad History), and
selection of a new editor for Railroad History. All of these initiatives will help enhance the breadth and quality of
member services during the coming months.

The incoming editor of Railroad History will be Peter A. Hansen of Kansas City, who was selected from
9 nominees by Lamb and a committee composed of Bill Howes, Mac Sebre, and John White. Hansen will begin
service after Issue No. 197 is completed by Mark Reutter in September. Further details of the transition will be
included in this issue. [See Below - Ed.]

The new president also indicated that R&LHS faces a number of serious problems during the next few
years, primarily due to a downward trend in the general public’s interest in historic preservation and
heritage. Another major concern is the increasing cost of annual operation. Virtually all aspects of the
annual budget are affected, including collection of dues, archive storage, and publications. All must be dealt with
during the next year or two.

In closing, Lamb mentioned a forthcoming meeting of many stakeholders in the area of American Railway
Heritage. Our society, along with other historical groups, museums and libraries, as well as tourist line operators
and trade associations, will come together to begin planning a national effort to overcome some of the national
insensitivities mentioned above. [Ed note: the results of this meeting will be announced in separate releases.]

Pete Hansen Appointed Editor of Railroad History

During the Board of Directors meeting at Salisbury, NC, incoming President
Parker Lamb announced the appointment of a new editor to replace Mark Reutter,
who had announced his resignation at the fall 2006 meeting in Cedar Rapids. Lamb
noted that the final selection represented a consensus of himself and the Editor Selection
Advisory Committee composed of senior members Bill Howes, Mac Sebree, and
Jack White.

Assuming the editor position will be Peter A. Hansen of Kansas City, a fulltime
writer and media consultant for 7 years. Prior to this, he had served as corporate
communications manager with Sprint for fifteen years. Pete has written extensively
for Kalmbach publications and served as the rail history resource during development
of the KC Union Station Museum. In this role he has worked closely with Mike
Haverty (KCS Pres.), who is Board Chair of the Museum, as well as other prominent
civic leaders of Kansas City.

 

 



Pete Hansen

Pete will retain Dan Cupper as Deputy Editor, while the Layout Editor will be Kevin Holland of Ontario, a
widely published author on rail passenger service with extensive editing and layout experience with both publishers
and historical societies.

Lamb also announced that Hansen’s first issue will be No. 198, a Steam Special (similar to the Diesel Special
of 2000) featuring an expanded reprint of John White’s 1982 book A Short History of American Locomotive
Builders in the Steam Era. This issue should appear in early 2008, and will be followed by the two regular issues
scheduled for 2008.


Jacki Pryor and Jim Smith
Tackle the Archives

The photo at right shows R&LHS Archivist , Jacki
Pryor and Director, Jim Smith working on the archives at a
Sacramento, California storage location. They are
 participating in the first annual Archive Work Session.

Archival resources not presently located in the
R&LHS archives at the California State Railroad Museum
are housed in four units in a climate controlled warehouse.
They contain a wide variety of historical materials that are
used for research, or held at this site due to CSRM’s limited
storage facilities. Most of you know that the CSRM has
been working to acquire additional facilities at the former
Southern Pacific locomotive ship in Sacramento. Until
then, some of our material is stored in these units.

Jacki and Jim were “archiving” - sorting, organizing
like materials in order to be able to catalogue and enter
information on the computer. Some of the specific jobs
they completed during the 3+-day work session included:

 

R&LHS Archivist, Jacki Pryor, and Director, Jim Smith, work on sorting archive material at one of the storage units located in Sacramento, California.

  --Isolated Railroad History Bulletins into one area for future disposition by an R&LHS member.
  --Repositioned Official Guides into one storage unit and placed loose guides into acid-free storage containers.
  --Installed acid-free barriers between 5x7 inch glass plate negatives.
  --Removed historical calendars from various map drawers for placement in acid-free boxes. Also repositioned
various folders (newspapers, posters, prints, etc.) within the map drawers.
  --Unloaded donated railroad books from boxes onto shelves in the “book room storage unit”. Also shelved
various magazine publications.
  --Reorganized archival storage materials (especially acid-free storage boxes) and repositioning some storage shelving.

Next year’s “Archival Work Session” is scheduled for Thursday, February 28 to Sunday, March 2, 2008. Due
to limited space, we are seeking just ten volunteers to work on various projects as directed by Archivist Jacki Pryor.
If you are interested in helping the R&LHS archive material in 2008, please contact me at the following email address:
jackip@osbaccess.com .

Newsletter to Undergo Design & Mission Change

At the annual meeting in Salisbury, the Board of Directors approved a modification to the Society’s Newsletter
design, as well as a modification of its mission. Beginning with the Winter 2008 issue, the publication will
become the R&LHS Quarterly. The new publication will be a newsmagazine for the Society, and will feature
Society and railroad history news in one section, and short articles on railroad history in another. The final design
modifications are still under way, but the purpose of the change is to provide a more robust quarterly publication
that is in keeping with those offered by other historical societies, both in and out of railroading.

David Lester, the current Newsletter editor, will edit the Quarterly. In a recent discussion, Lester shared
his enthusiasm for the changes: “The new format of our quarterly publication will enable us to provide better coverage
of railroad history news, both within and outside of the Society. In addition, we will be able to expand our
offering of short feature articles which have proven to be very popular with members during the past two years.”
Lester went on to point out that the Quarterly will in no way compete with Railroad History - “Railroad History
is the Society’s flagship journal, and holds a unique place in the study and documentation of railroad history. The
Quarterly will focus on shorter features and news items, providing a different contribution to the Society’s publication
program. Plus, we will continue to print the Quarterly in black and white.”


Southern Museum
Kicks Off Vision 2012 Campaign


The Southern Museum of Civil War & Locomotive
History, just outside of Atlanta, kicked off a $5 million dollar capital campaign in June, which is aimed at the continued growth and expansion of the museum. The campaign was formally announced during the groundbreaking of a new $1.1 million, 8100 square foot educational center, the latest addition to the museum complex. The groundbreaking was attended by U.S. Senator Johnny Isakson (R-GA), and other state and local dignitaries.

The Vision 2012 campaign will focused on funding
the following initiatives - a new $3,000,000 library and
archives building; developing exhibits for the pre-K area of the new education center ($400,000); enhancing public

 


U.S. Senator Johnny Isakson (R-GA) shares his support for
the Southern Museum’s $5,000,000 capital campaign.
 

programs ($250,000); developing special exhibits ($350,000); and, the development of a $1,000,000 endowment, income from which will support the Southern Museum’s core missions.

According to the museum leadership, “a permanent endowment will allow the Southern Museum to become one of
Georgia’s premier resources for education, and ensure its mission will continue to be supported in the future. The annual earnings of the endowment will be used to support the Museum’s mission to collect, preserve, and interpret artifacts relating to the role of railroads in the history of the South through the presentation of exhibits and educational programs relating to the Civil War and the Glover Steam Locomotive Collection.


Dignitaries at the Groundbreaking of the new $1.1 million Education Center: (l-r), Heath Garrett (Chief of Staff to Sen. Isakson),
Georgia State Senator Chip Rogers, Kennesaw City Councilman Mark Matthews, Kennesaw Museum Foundation President Paul
Chastain, Kennesaw Mayor Leonard Church, Georgia State Representative Ed Setzler, Kennesaw City Council members Bruce
Jenkins and Cindy Giles, and Kennesaw City Attorney Fred Bentley.


Paul Hammond Named Director of California State Railroad Museum
 

Editor’s Note: Paul Hammond, the new Director of the California State Railroad Museum, was the author of “Railroad Heritage and the California Dream - Thirty Years of the California State Railroad Museum” in the fall 2006 issue of the Newsletter. At that time, Paul was the Director of Public Programming at CSRM. We congratulate Paul and wish him well in his new role at one of America’s premier railroad museums. The press release below was recently issued by Catherine
A. Taylor, Superintendent of Capital District State Museums and Historic Parks, Sacramento, CA 95814.

SACRAMENTO, CA - I am very pleased to announce that Paul Hammond has been selected for the position of Museum Director, Sacramento History and Railroad Sector,
for the Capital District. He will assume his new duties on July 1, 2007. In this new role
as Museum Director, Paul will oversee the management and operation of the Sector and its
 


Paul Hammond
Sirlin Photographers

units including the California State Railroad Museum; Old Sacramento State Historic Park;
Sutter’s Fort State Historic Park; and Railtown 1897 State Historic Park.

Paul will be integrally involved in the Capital District’s efforts to attract new audiences through innovative
programming and community partnerships. He will focus on our ongoing plans and activities related to bringing the
Railroad Technology Museum to fruition in the Downtown Sacramento Railyards, and strengthening programs and
exhibits at all of our units within the Sacramento History and Railroad Sector.

Paul brings a wealth of experience to this position. He is a graduate of California State Polytechnic University
at Pomona with a BS in Organizational Communications, and is a 2004 graduate of the Museum Leadership Institute
sponsored by the J. Paul Getty Trust. Paul began his railway heritage involvement as a teenager in Southern California,
was editor of Locomotive & Railway Preservation magazine from 1994-1997, and more recently, served as President
of the Association of Railway Museums.

For the past 10 years he has been a key staff member of the California State Railroad Museum and its nonprofit
partner, the CSRM Foundation, focusing his efforts on marketing, community relations, fund development and
exhibit development. More recently, as Interpreter III/Director of Public Programming, he has been involved in program
development at all units within this sector, and has served as a key liaison to numerous partner organizations
and community groups on behalf of the Capital District.

Please join me in congratulating Paul on this achievement, and in welcoming him to his new role as Museum
Director. - Catherine A. Taylor

Society Member Survey Results In - Where Are the Young Folks?

The results of the member survey that was conducted in the spring of this year have been compiled and an
initial professional analysis has been completed. The Board of Directors will be reviewing the details of the results over
the coming months in order to evaluate how we can better serve our membership. In addition, a more detailed article
outlining the major trends reflected in the survey will appear in an upcoming issue of the Newsletter.

The response rate for our survey was good. Out of approximately 2,300 members, 1,022 completed the survey
by June 1, for a 44% response rate. Responses after June 1 will be added to this total and included in the final survey
report.

A trend reflected in this survey was that the membership of the Society is aging, and younger members are not
being added at the rate one would hope. While the Society must address this trend with its own approach to growing
the membership, the national trend seems to be that the number of people interested in railroad history is declining. A
myriad of reasons can be cited for this trend, including a shift in recreational activity among children and young adults
that is focused on indoor activities such as computers and electronic games, the railroad industry in general being less
visible to the public today than it was fifty years ago, and the lack of a coordinated effort among academic, historical
and industry organizations to promote railroad heritage in the United States. This is an important story, for both the
Society as well as the discipline of railroad and transportation history, and we will be reporting on this much more in
the future.

Another feature of the survey was the tremendous number of individual comments that were included in the
space provided to include these. We will include some of these comments in a more comprehensive survey report.
The Board of Directors expresses great appreciation to all who took time to complete the survey.
 

Carolina Railroading -
The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society 2007 Annual Meeting

Article and photography by David Lester, unless otherwise noted

The 2007 annual meeting of the Railway &
Locomotive Historical Society was held in Salisbury,
North Carolina from Thursday, June 7 through Sunday,
June 10. Orchestrated by Paul Barnes of CSX,
and Bill Howes, Society Director and former President, the meeting events provided participants with excellent opportunities to learn about both rail history and modern railroading. Highlights of the meeting included a trip on the Aberdeen, Carolina
 

Western, a tour of Norfolk Southern’s Linwood Yard, several hours at the North Carolina Transportation Museum,
a banquet at Salisbury’s beautiful Southern Railway passenger station, and presentations by incoming Society
President J. Parker Lamb, retired Norfolk Southern Vice President Jim McClellan, and Norfolk Southern Director of
Strategic Planning Bill Schafer.

The first event of the meeting, on Thursday evening, was Parker Lamb’s presentation on the history of the
“original” Norfolk Southern Railroad, which served North Carolina until it was purchased by Southern Railway in
1974. Some of the old NS operates today, including what is now the North Carolina short line Aberdeen, Carolina &
Western’s line from Star, NC to Aberdeen.

Among the benefits generated by the economic deregulation of the railroad industry in 1980 was the opportunity
for carriers to abandon unprofitable branch lines. While this was a financial and operational benefit for
the railroads which did so, it also created strong opportunities for entrepreneurial railroaders to turn the abandoned
line into a profitable short line railroad. Further, maintaining the operation of the local railroad had a huge impact
on employment and the economy in smaller communities - industries dependent on rail service would usually close,
and lay off most of the work force. Today, the thriving short line industry provides needed service to shippers, attracts
industrial development within the regions that they serve, and contribute to the origination and termination of
rail traffic through connections with Class I railroads.

Those attending the 2007 meeting had the opportunity to closely inspect a North Carolina short line, the
Aberdeen, Carolina & Western, on Friday, June 8. The AC&W is a short line railroad serving 18 industries, with
20 employees, 160 miles of track, and 12 locomotives. The railroad was incorporated in 1987 when it acquired the
former NS branch line from Aberdeen to Star, and grew significantly in 1989 when it leased the line from Charlotte
to Gulf, NC as part of the NS Thoroughbred Shortline Program. The AC&W enjoys connections with both CSX and
Norfolk Southern.

Robert M. Menzies, the president of the AC&W, provided a fine trip aboard a special train from Star, NC
to Aberdeen and return. The consist of the train included two air conditioned cars, along with an open air car with
tables and “umbrellas” above the tables to provide shade and protection from the sun. There was also a caboose
with a cupola on the top, which several passengers enjoyed.

 


Open gondola with tables and umbrellas for shade

 
A view of our special train from the rear. Courtesy of Cornelius Hauck

During the layover at Aberdeen, our train was parked close to the headquarters of the Aberdeen & Rockfish
Railroad, another successful North Carolina short line which operates between Fayetteville and Aberdeen. The A&R
also operates the Pee Dee River Railway in northeastern South Carolina, just over the North Carolina state line. Knowing
that our AC&W train would have a layover in Aberdeen, the president of the Aberdeen & Rockfish, Ed Lewis,
parked two locomotives outside of A&R headquarters building.


Aberdeen & Rockfish headquarters building, with A&R locomotives spotted for viewing

 

Saturday was a very busy day, and
kicked off with a tour of NS’s Linwood
Yard in Linwood, North Carolina, just
outside of Spencer. Opened in June 1979,
Linwood is one of thirteen hump yards on
the NS system, and the only hump yard
on the Piedmont Division.The yard is 4.5
miles long, 1,700 feet wide and 376 acres in
area. There are just over 65 miles of track
in the yard. The main yard consists of 46
classification tracks, 8 forwarding tracks, 8
receiving tracks, 5 rip (repair) tracks, and
4 locomotive tracks. Linwood also has a
major mechanical repair facility on the terminal
, as well as support for Maintenance
of Way and Communication & Signals.


The Linwood tower is staffed by a yardmaster and a trainmaster 24 hours per day, seven days per week. The
facility originates and terminates twelve road trains and four local trains each day, and is responsible for serving
thirteen local industries.

Touring the yard tower, one was impressed with the role that information technology plays in the operation
of a modern hump yard. Multiple computer terminals and communications equipment enable the yardmaster and
the trainmaster to stay abreast of all train movements, and the computer controlled retarders on the hump direct cars
to the proper track at the proper speed.

The locomotive and car repair shops were equally impressive, as skilled railroaders make major and minor
repairs to today’s sophisticated diesel locomotives, as well as a myriad of freight cars requiring various degrees of
repair.

Two views from the tower - left, looking down on the diesel servicing area; right, cars rolling over the hump to the class yard

 

After completion of our Linwood tour, the group headed to the North Carolina Transportation Museum, which sits on the former site of Southern Railway’s Spencer Shops. The museum got its start in 1976, as Southern Railway was considering demolition of the buildings on the site, along with alternative uses for the property. A proposal by the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources to turn the facility into a transportation museum was accepted, and the facility began a journey which led to it being one of today’s leading railroad and transportation museums in the South.
 
 


A sight for sore eyes! - Southern Railway FP7 6133 awaits boarding passengers
for another thirty-minute trip around the museum property.

The success of the museum is due to a
strong combination of public and private resources, as well as considerable volunteer effort. The museum boasts a collection of carriages, historic automobiles, a couple of aircraft, and an extensive collection of railroad cars and locomotives. The massive backshop, which is three stories high and two hundred yards long, is currently undergoing renovation that will make it the center of the museum. Among the exhibits will be a restored Piedmont Aviation DC-3.

Piedmont & Northern electric boxcab 5103 provided motive  power for one of the few
examples of electric railroading in the South, and is a treasured part of the museum
collection .
  Visitors to the museum also have the opportunity to enjoy thirty-minute train rides on the property, as well as a ride on a restored turntable. A list of references, as well as the museum’s website, can be found at the end of this article.

Once the museum tour was complete, the next order of business was the annual banquet at the beautiful Salisbury station. The station is the former Southern Railway passenger station, which is now served by Amtrak’s Crescent, as well as North Carolina Department of Transportation commuter trains.
The guest speaker for the banquet was Jim McClellan, retired Senior Vice President of Planning for Norfolk Southern. Jim enjoyed a long and distinguished
railroad career, which included time at New York Central, the Federal Railroad Administration, Amtrak, the United States Railway Administration, and Southern Railway. Much of Jim’s career is discussed in Rush Loving’s book The Men Who Loved Trains, (Indiana University Press, 2006), and it was a career that was involved in most of the seismic changes that occurred in the United States railroad industry during the second half of the twentieth century. The subject of Jim’s presentation was a comparison of two iconic railroad presidents with and for whom Jim had worked - D.W. Brosnan and Alfred Perlman. Needless to say, the presentation captivated the entire audience.

Right - Jim McClellan compares Bill Brosnan and Alfred Perlman during his presenta-
tion at the annual banquet at Salisbury’s historic Southern Railway passenger station.

 

At the Society’s annual breakfast and business meeting on Sunday morning, we were treated to a presentation
by Bill Schafer, Director of Strategic Planning at Norfolk Southern, who is also well known in railroad history circles.
Bill’s presentation focused on his relationship with North Carolina during his college years at Davidson, as well as his
years with Southern Railway. The Society greatly appreciated Bill’s presentation on Sunday, as well as his coordination
of our Linwood Yard tour on Saturday.

Other business at Sunday’s business meeting including the election of J. Parker Lamb as the Society’s new
president, as well as the election of three new board members - Dick Hillman, David Lester and David Pfieffer. Outgoing
president Charlie Zlatkovich received a standing ovation in recognition of his years of service to the Society.

Another highlight of the annual meeting was Chuck Macklin’s store at the Holiday Inn. Chuck is the president
of railroadbooks.biz, and had several hundred books available for sale throughout the meeting. Chuck also
sponsored a book signing by authors Jerry Angier, Dick Hillman, Parker Lamb, and Bill Middleton.


Incoming Society president J. Parker Lamb (l) and Norfolk Southern Director of Strategic
Planning Bill Schafer at the Society’s annual breakfast meeting on Sunday, June 10, 2007
 

Recommended Reading

For those who were not able to attend the annual meeting in Salisbury, as well as for those who were, we
have put together a list books that focus on railroading in the Carolinas and the South. If you have questions about
any of these books, or would like help in locating a copy, please contact the editor.
Galloway, Duane and Jim Wrinn. Southern Railway’s Spencer Shops, 1896-1996. 1996, TLC Publishing Company.
Goolsby, Larry. Atlantic Coast Line Passenger Service - The Postwar Years. 1999, TLC Publishing.
Griffin, William E., Jr. Atlantic Coast Line - The Standard Railroad of the South. 2001, TLC Publishing.
Johnson, Robert Wayne. Through the Heart of the South - The Seaboard Air Line Railroad Story. 1995, The
Boston Mills Press.
Klein, Maury. The Great Richmond Terminal - A Study in Businessmen and Business Strategy. 1970, University
Press of Virginia.
Loving, Rush, Jr. The Men Who Loved Trains - The Story of Men Who Battled Greed to Save an Ailing Industry.
2006, Indiana University Press.
McQuigg, Jackson. History on Steel Wheels - Trains at the North Carolina Transportation Museum. 1996, North
Carolina Transportation History Corporation.
Morgret, Charles O. Brosnan: The Railroads’ Messiah (2 volumes). 1996, Vantage Press.
Stout, Greg. Southern Railway Through Passenger Service In Color. 2005, Morning Sun Books.
Stover, John F. The Railroads of the South, 1865-1900 - A Study in Finance and Control. 1955, The University of
North Carolina Press.
Thomas, William G. Lawyering for the Railroad - Business, Law ad Power in the New South. 1999, Louisiana
State University Press.
Trelease, Allen W. The North Carolina Railroad, 1849-1871, and the Modernization of North Carolina. 1991, The
University of North Carolina Press.


Steam & Diesel at Spencer Shops

As mentioned on page 10, the North Carolina Transportation Museum sits on the former site of Southern Railway’s Spencer Shops. The shops opened in 1896, and were a key facility for Southern for nearly 70 years. Located at the mid-point of Southern’s Atlanta to Washington, D.C. mainline, the shops completed heavy repairs for steam and diesel power, as well as other work. Diesel work began in the early 1940’s, and continued until the early 1970’s, when the shops essentially closed. We offer four views of work at Spencer Shops on these pages to provide a glimpse of the facility’s rich heritage. The definitive history of Spencer Shops is Southern Railway’s Spencer Shops, 1896-1996 by Duane Galloway and Jim Wrinn, which is included in the reading list on page 11. The photographs on these two pages are from the Southern Railway Historical Society Collection at the Southern Museum of Civil War & Locomotive History.


A view of the back shop on September 15, 1946. David Driscoll photo, SRHA Collection at the Southern Museum.

Steam locomotives resting in the Spencer roundhouse on June 13, 1948. Note the “Work Safely - Don’t Get Hurt” sign
in front of the third locomotive. David Driscoll photo, SRHA collection at the Southern Museum.



A machinist and helper run a bearing test on a diesel engine in the early 1950’s. SRHA Collection at the Southern Museum.



Machinists and helpers remove cam shafts and assemblies from a diesel engine in the early 1950’s. SRHA Collection at the Southern Museum.



A Note from Steamdome: In the next few installments of exploring the past, we will consider a few early railroad leaders. Most
biographical dictionaries include sketches of such men, but they tend to select the same individuals over and over, such as Vanderbilt,
Harriman, Gould, Huntington or Pullman. We will feature some lesser-known names, such as James Parks. He was entirely
new to me before finding his obituary in the Railway Review. Was he truly the father of the Panhandle? I suspect no living
person can offer a definitive answer. We also include a short item on Silas Seymour, who is commonly presented as an incompetent
troublemaker in most histories of the Union Pacific Railroad. Yet he receives a more positive rendering in this American Railroad
Journal
memorial notice.
Ed. Note - As always, the Steamdome articles are printed just as they originally appeared, so you will see wording and usage that
is slightly different from that in modern writing.

James Parks - Railway Review, June 24, 1893

James Parks, the oldest continuous resident of this city, and “Father of the Panhandle”, died here this morning
(June 19). He was born in Mercer County, Pa., and came here with his mother in 1812. He worked at the carpentering
trade for years, and in 1830 engaged in the mercantile business, continuing thereat for 20 years. About 1840, the people
of Ohio began to cast about for some more rapid means of transportation of freight and passengers than the Conestoga
wagon or stage coach. Railroads were needed to develop the country around Steubenville, and James Parks, with
pioneer foresight, was one of the promoters of the special act which passed the general assembly in 1848, chartering the
Steubenville & Indiana Railroad. He shut up his store and went out soliciting stock and right of way, and in 1850 the
road was organized with Mr. Parks as a director, and J. Blickensderfer, of the Union Pacific, as chief engineer. Both men
almost lived on horseback between here and Newark during the construction of the road, until its completion in 1855.
The finances of the road were in a deplorable condition, and in 1859 the road passed into the hands of a receiver. Mr.
Parks was the moving spirit in the construction of the Panhandle bridge across the river at this point, and after the construction of the Pittsburgh & Steubenville and the Holliday’s Cove Railroad prior to 1865, they had an arrangement for
through traffic from Pittsburgh to Columbus. After being organized into the Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cincinnati and
P.C, & St.L. Railway, the Stuebenville & Indiana now forms the connecting link for the Pennsylvania system. Mr. Parks
was for 34 years the director of the Panhandle, and for 15 years its only living original director.

General Silas Seymour - American Railroad Journal, August 1890

General Silas Seymour, who died in New York, July 15, aged 73 years, was
one of the best known civil engineers in the country, and it was his fortune during
the early months of the Civil War to render the government timely service in
organizing the military railroad service. He was born in Stillwater, N.Y. on June
20, 1817.
His career as an engineer began in the preliminary surveys of the New
York & Erie Railroad, and he had become Engineer and Superintendent of Transportation when that road was completed as far as Dunkirk. He then built the
Buffalo & New York City Railroad, now part of the Erie, and on this line was the
famous Portage Bridge, probably the greatest wooden bridge ever built, 800 ft
long and 234 ft. high, over the Genessee River. The firm of Seymour, Morton &
Company, which Mr. Seymour organized in 1854, now began a large and increasing business in railroad construction throughout the country. He was

 


General Silas Seymour
Harper’s Weekly, Sept. 29, 1883

elected State Engineer of New York in 1855, and soon after was appointed by the United States
Government to report upon the feasibility of bridging the Mississippi River at Rock Island. When the War broke out,
he was employed by the War Department for a time in organizing the military railroad service, and afterward served on
the staff of General Daniel E. Sickles. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the Washington Aqueduct in 1863, and at this
time also he built a new railroad bridge across the Potomac. In 1864 he became Consulting Engineer of the New York,
West Shore & Buffalo Railroad, and in the following year was again elected State Engineer of New York. It was during
this term of service that General Seymour’s views on the canals and the preservation of the timber of the Adirondacks
were made prominent. Since the expiration of his term as State Engineer, he has done business in New York as a consulting expert, maintaining connection with various enterprises. General Seymour’s writings on subjects concerning his
profession have been valuable, and occasional rather than voluminous.
 


A number of knowledgeable members took the time to reply to the inquiries presented in the previous column.
Readers will recall that these were related to an eccentric crank attached to the rear axle of a Grant-built 4-6-0
for the St. Louis & Iron Mountain RR, as well as the small circular counterweights on an MP ten-wheeler, constructed
by Dickson for the New Orleans Texas & Mexico. Among the detailed commentaries were those of Charles DeVilbiss
of Louisiana, John Friend and Kyle Wyatt of California, John Baskin Harper of Nebraska, Ed Ozog of North Carolina,
and John White of Ohio.

As for the Iron Mountain engine, there was unanimity that the crank pin drove a feed pump. Friend and
White also cited two references. The former mentioned “Modern Locomotive Construction, 1892,” by J. G. A. Meyer of
Grant Locomotive Works, Wiley (reprint), while White mentioned a feed pump patent described in Railroad History
No. 58, May 1942 and noted that a photo similar to the one cited above appeared on page 410 of his steam locomotive
book.

The use of disk (“bob”) weights were discussed by DeVilbiss and Ozog. DeVilbiss mentioned that his observations
suggest Dickson was the only builder to use them (this is also the writer’s opinion). He also noted that use of
these adjustable weights might have stemmed from the use of “driver centers” left over from compound locomotives,
which generally needed weights at other locations than directly opposite the crankpin. He also recalled the migration
of Dickson locomotives among the three roads controlled by Benjamin F. Yoakum, namely Frisco, C&EI, and Gulf
Coast Lines (later MP).

Ozog presented a lengthy discussion of an 1898 patent by Phillip Z. Davis of Texas for the reduction of driver
pounding by arranging a series of small weights (either disk, triangular, or ring shaped) with an angular separation of
120 degrees. He cited further discussion of this idea in three issues of the American Engineer and Railroad Journal of
1903 (March, April, May).

My thanks to members who provided this enlightening information. A further note to all with an interest in
late 19th and early 20th century steam power - The first issue of Railroad History in 2008 will be devoted completely
to steam locomotive builders and their products. Many 19th century illustrations will be included.
 


Real Photo Postcards

Real photo postcards are a collector’s delight, representing images from across the country, especially small
town scenes and events as recorded by the people themselves.

Early in the 20th century, photographic paper sold in postcard size made it feasible to produce even small
quantities of cards. Studios or skilled amateurs and everyone in between could produce good-quality cards. Views
sometimes came from small town jewelers. This variety in scope is one of the reasons they are so valuable monetarily
and historically.

A book about the topic confirms what all railroad collectors know: real photo postcards are expensive. “Depots
are one of the most sought after topics in collecting circles, and their prices reflect their popularity,” according to Robert
Bogdan and Todd Weseloh, writing in Real Photo Postcard Guide: The People’s Photography (2006).

Although railroad enthusiasts collect all types of cards, most prefer the real photo cards, the authors continue.
“In the heyday of photo postcards the railroad stopped at thousands of towns across the country. It is the small, out-of-the
way depots, the ones that were at the center of small-town life, that are the main subject of this collecting category,”
they state. Similar views of trolley and interurban lines also are popular.


But there is far more to the railroad collecting than depots. As so often happens with the collectors, structures
—including the standard designs for station architecture—take precedence over people in the search. But there
is more available, such as the group portrait of the line crew on the River Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul. While e-Bay is the favored source today, this card was purchased at a swap meeting before the days of widespread
computer use.

This card is one of the many types of images you will be able to see on the Center for Railroad Photography
& Art’s Internet archive, railroad heritage.org. The web portal, supported by the North American Railway Foundation
and private gifts, promises to be the premier site for illustrating and explaining the intersection of railroad life
and American life from the early 19th century until today. Another goal is to build a sense of community among
railroad museum and preservation groups and individuals alike.

Real photo cards became possible when manufacturers starting selling postcard stock and U.S. Post Of-
fice regulations made the mails more accessible. The colorful printed view cards dominated the large city markets,
while the photographic cards usually were concentrated in small towns. “In less populated regions, photo postcards
rivaled their competition and were sometimes the only postcards available,” say Bogdan and Weseloh.

Commercially manufactured postcard stock became available beginning in 1899, but their most popular
time was between 1906 and 1920 (when cameras were made to accommodate shutterbugs in cities, towns, and village),
reaching a peak about 1918, the year that World War I ended. Since many printed postcards were printed in
Germany, a problem during the World War I, real photo postcards stayed popular longer than the imported ones.
The details are in the book, but they all are a part of the Center’s efforts to understand the place of railroading in
America’s visual culture.

So treasure your real photo cards, and remember their place in the larger picture of the visual history of
railroads in North America.


Here is an example of the type of images and descriptions you will find on railroad heritage.org, the Center for Railroad Photography & Art’s Internet archive.


Real-photo postcard portrait of the telegraph line crew for the River Division of the Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway
that served the west side of the Mississippi River between La Crosse and St. Paul. Four men stand beside a handcar and ten
others sit or stand on the handcar. The clothing bears mention, since it exhibits variety. On the right, the standing figure wears a
Henley sweater, a belt with some tools, climbers chaps, and pole-climbing spurs. The figure on the left wears a bulky, light colored
cardigan sweater, and his belt holds more tools. His head nearly rests on the foreman’s shoulder and he has his arm at the foreman’s
waist. Everyone wears a wide grin, except the foreman who is trying to suppress one. Almost everyone else wears a jacket,
sometimes over bib overalls, and heavy gloves. One older gentleman smokes a pipe. All but one wear brimmed caps. Pants legs
are rolled into cuffs. Boots are heavy. In the background, a brick building with four-over-four sash appears, as do a freight car and
a work car. The postcard is postmarked, Winona, Minnesota, 1913.


Southern California Chapter Hosts Union Pacific Speaker

Lupe Valdez, Director of Public Policy and Community Relations with the Union Pacific Railroad presented a
program in June on UP’s plans for southern California. Among the topics covered were the green locomotive program,
track expansion, and enlargement of the Los Angeles – Long Beach harbor facilities. Ms. Valdez also spoke
about the need to find qualified employees to replace those who have retired or are about to retire.

The Chapter is working on their exhibit for the Los Angeles County Fair that opens September 7th and runs
through September 30th. The fair is open daily except Monday and Tuesday, and the fair will cover four weekends
this year.

New York Chapter Meetings Focus on Videos and Fellowship

The New York Chapter meets each month in the Williamson Library of Grand Central Terminal in New York
City. For the past several months, the group has enjoyed video presentations at the meetings, including the following:
Engines of Enterprise, the story of the growth of railroads in the United States and their influence on the growth
of the nation, the growth of its industry, and on the standard of living; The War Machines, which focused on the role
of railroads in the American Civil War (the first railroad war), World War I, and World War II (the latter two with British,
French, German and Russian input); and, Taming the Iron Monster, which deals with the development of railway
technology in Great Britain starting in the 19th century and continuing to the present.

Chicago Chapter Enjoys Slide Collections of Jim Bartke and Bill Volk

Recent meetings of the Chicago chapter have focused on slide presentations from Jim Bartke and Bill Volk.

Jim Bartke dipped into his vast collection of 35mm slides of American railroading to present us with a potpourri
of views of the glories of the United States railroad system in the period after World War II, when the diesel
locomotive superseded the valiant steam engine as the prime mover of freight and passenger trains in this country.
Jim emphasized the Midwestern area, including Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota, but also had views from the East
Coast and the Pacific Ocean.

Bill Volk is one of those rare railroad aficionados who has a railroad running through his back yard. He
moved to Oak Lawn before the Wabash became, literally, a fallen flag, since “Follow The Flag” was the line’s motto,
and the railroad’s main line from St. Louis to Chicago ran just beyond the back yard fence. In those days, the Banner
Blue, the Blue Bird, and the Midnight rolled grandly past day after day. The local from Orland Park (once it ran all
the way to Decatur) provided a suburban service to several carloads of hearty commuters, too, and Bill was one of
them for several years. Nowadays he sees Norfolk Southern freights and METRA’s suburban service to Orland Park
and Manhattan roll by.

The meeting is held at 7:00pm in the Chapter’s regular meeting room, the Choir Rehearsal Room, on the
third floor of the Chicago Temple Building, 77 West Washington Street (on the southeast corner of Clark), across the
street from the Daley Plaza and “the Picasso”.

Before each meeting, members, guests and friends of the Chapter are invited to talk things over at our regular
pre-meeting get together at Maxim’s restaurant, located one block south of the Temple Building, on the northwest
corner of Clark and Madison. Cocktails from about 5:00pm, dinner ordered about 5:30 pm.

Southeast Chapter Participates in Jacksonville Train Show

The Southeast Chapter participated in the annual February train show in Jacksonville, at the convention
center which now occupies the historic Jacksonville Terminal station. The chapter has also been focused on the national
convention, with Paul Barnes and Bill Howes doing much of the planning, and expressed gratitude to CSX for a
$2500.00 donation to help cover the costs of the annual meeting in Salisbury.


Call to Action! Thousands of railcars including both new and
historic fallen flags have been vandalized with graffiti over
the past decade. Help stop this crime. Report any suspicious
trespassing to the railroad or local police. NS 800-453-2350, CSX
800-232-0144, UP 888-877-7267, BNSF 800-832-5452, CN 800-465-
9239, CP 800-716-9132, KCS 877-527-9464.

Wanted: Photos/slides of ACL-FEC-PRR Pullman cars in service
on GM&O Midnight Special, Chicago-St. Louis. Assignment
dates were June 3 - Dec. 1, 1951 and May 7 - Nov. 30, 1952. All
cars were listed as 21 roomette type. For GM&O/M&O Pullman
feature in planning stages. Larry Thomas, TRRA Historical Society, P.O. Box 1688, St. Louis, MO 63188, 313-535-3101.

New Book!: Guthrie, Oklahoma: Always a Railroad Town, by
Joseph A. Cammalleri. Ready late summer 2007. $39.95 plus
$5.00 for s&h. Order direct from author - 907 Koko Isle Circle,
Honolulu, HI 96825. 808-395-2212, Jcamma455@aol.com.

 

Wanted: Back issues of R&LHS Bulletins and other rail historical
society publications. Buying collections. Paul Gibson, 161 Gilmore
Rd., Wrentham, MA 02093-1227. paul@railpub.com

Wanted: Railroad editorial cartoons for a book I am working on.
I am looking for cartoons dealing with the period down to about
1950. If you have any or know where there are any, I would appreciate hearing from you. Email me at Maldrich@smith.edu or
write Mark Aldrich, 24 Elm St., Hatfield Mass., 01038

Wanted: photos of GM&O heavyweight sleeping cars, black and
white or color, in service or standby. Prefer that car names be
clearly visible; willing to borrow or buy - for article in progress
on C&A, GM&O, M&O Pullman and parlor car service from St.
Louis. Complimentary copy of issue will be mailed to all contributors. Larry Thomas, TRRA Historical Society, P O Box 1688, St. Louis, MO 63188-1688, 314-535-3101 (evenings).

Remembering the Southern Crescent. During my visit to the North Carolina Transportation Museum at the annual meeting, I spent a few minutes admiring the museum’s beautifully restored Southern Railway E8 6900, which was assigned to the Southern Crescent during the 1970’s. Graham Claytor’s decision to keep Southern out of Amtrak as long as possible, while providing first-rate service on the Southern Crescent, is one of the great stories of 20th-century railroading. Visiting with the 6900 in Spencer brought back a flood of memories, many of which are embodied in the photograph above. This image of the Southern Crescent was made in August of 1975. We’re in northeast Atlanta at 7:04pm, looking southeast at the northbound train which is just four minutes out of Southern’s Peachtree (Brookwood) Station, with E8 6915 on the point. This is Southern’s main line to Washington, D.C., and Peachtree Creek and the Seaboard Coast Line run beneath the bridge. The temperature is around 85 degrees, with 60% humidity; it’s been a hot day, but it’s cooled off to a muggy but pleasant evening. The sounds and smells of the E’s permeate the air, followed by a glimpse of travelers enjoying fine southern hospitality in the dining car, master bedroom with a shower, drawing rooms, bedrooms, roomettes, the lounge car and even in the coaches. Once the train crosses the bridge, the engineer will open the throttle a notch or two as the train continues to work upgrade, with the sounds of eight 567’s echoing through the air. All of this occurring on a prosperous railroad during a decade when many wondered if the U.S. railroad industry would remain in private hands. David C. Lester


The Friends Campaign

The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society’s Friends Campaign is worthy of your attention. A key component of the R&LHS is the quality of our publications. Our renowned flagship journal, Railroad History, sets the standard for the documentation of railroad history, and has amassed an impressive body of railroad research during the 80+ years of its publication. As our new president, J. Parker Lamb, points out below, we have an aggressive publication schedule for the coming year. Your contributions to the Friends campaign ensure that the Society will remain as the leader in research in and publication of railroad history.

The discipline of railroad history is fortunate to have many books and several quality magazines available to those who are interested in this historic and dynamic aspect of our nation’s history. However, despite the body of material that has been published, much more research remains to be done. The publications of our Society will lead the way in the efforts to research and document railroad history.

Our dues structure is among the lowest of historical societies focused on both railroads and other aspects of American history. With most historical societies having basic individual membership dues of $50.00, the R&LHS is quite a bargain at $25.00 per year. In order to maintain this very reasonable level of dues, yet continue to set the standard for railroad history research and publication, the Society needs your support through the Friends program.

As noted below, the next 18 months will generate ten issues of our publications for our members - four issues of Railroad History, two issues of the Newsletter, and beginning in 2008, four issues of the new R&LHS Quarterly. We encourage you to seriously consider a donation to the Friends program; your investment will provide a strong return for you and the Society. The form below has been perforated for your convenience. Simply remove it, note your contribution level, and mail to Parker’s address at the bottom. If you would rather not damage your copy of the Newsletter, simply make a photocopy of the form below and mail it with your contribution.

Your help is greatly appreciated.

WHY FRIENDS NEEDS YOUR HELP NOW

1. We are late in starting the 2007 campaign due to changes in society officers

2. Our publications expenses between June 2007 and January 2008 will expand greatly.
                      During this 18-month period, you will receive
                     O FOUR issues of Railroad History (including 3 in 2008)
                     O TWO issues of R&LHS Newsletter in 2007
                     O FOUR issues of R&LHS Quarterly (starting in 2008)

This requires us to cover production costs for TEN publications. As we have noted earlier, it CANNOT be
done by dues income alone. So pitch in and help cover our annual printing expenditures.
                                          &nb Parker Lamb
 

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FRIENDS CAMPAIGN 2007

 

 

Donation Levels   My Gift
   Name _____________________________  $25 – 49   _______
    $50 – 99   _______
  Street _____________________________  $100 – 249   _______
    $250 - 499   _______
  City, State, zip ______________________ $500 - 999   _______
    $1000 & above   _______
         
  Comments

Friends of R&LHS
J. P. Lamb
2605 Pinewood Terrace
Austin, TX 78757-2136


The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society Mission Statement

The mission of the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society, Inc., is to collect, interpret, preserve, educate and disseminate information

relating to railroad history. The Society’s mission will be achieved by:

1. Publishing Railroad History and maintaining its status as the premier publication in the field.

2. Recognizing and encouraging scholarship in railroad history and other endeavors, such as the Society awards program.

3. Preserving historic documents, photographs and other materials, and providing access through national and chapter activities.

4. Maintaining communication among members of the Society through printed and/or electronic means.

5. Providing fellowship, education, and effective governance of the Society through the annual convention and membership meeting

6. Furthering knowledge of railroad history by publication of significant historical studies and reference works.

7. Encouraging appreciation of railroad history, and providing social enrichment opportunities through chapters and special interest groups.

8. Encouraging members to actively participate in the process of researching, recording, and disseminating railroad history by providing research guidance.

9. Promoting the significance of railroad history in schools and related organizations such as historical societies.